1973-VIL-446-MAD-DT
Equivalent Citation: [1974] 96 ITR 78
MADRAS HIGH COURT
Date: 09.02.1973
COMMISSIONER OF INCOME-TAX, MADRAS
Vs
TR. RAJAKUMARI.
BENCH
Judge(s) : V. RAMASWAMY., G. RAMANUJAM.
JUDGMENT
The judgment of the court was delivered by
RAMANUJAM J.-The assessee is a cine actress. During the accounting year relevant to the assessment year 1952-53, the assessee received a sum of Rs. 36,000 from Messrs. Jupiter Pictures. The assessee had not included this amount in her return of income for that year and, therefore, the original assessment for that year had been completed on June 30, 1955, without including the said amount in her income. After the completion of the original assessment, the Income-tax Officer had received information that the said amount represented her income and, therefore, he issued a notice dated October 9, 1957, proposing to reopen the assessment under section 34 of the Indian Income-tax Act, 1922. In answer to the said notice the assessee contended that the amount in question was only a loan taken by her from Jupiter Pictures and that it had to be repaid by adjustment when her work with Jupiter Pictures was completed. The Income-tax Officer did not accept the said contention and, therefore, included the said amount in her assessment.
The assessee, therefore, filed a revision petition before the Commissioner of Income-tax against the said reassessment order. In those revision proceedings it came to light that the said sum of Rs. 36,000 received by the assessee in the accounting year relevant for the assessment year 1952-53, was in fact adjusted by the successors of Jupiter Pictures, namely, Manohara Pictures, on August 31, 1954, that is, during the accounting year relevant to the assessment year 1955-56. The Commissioner issued a notice dated February 8, 1963, to the assessee asking the assessee whether she was agreeable to the inclusion of the sum of Rs. 36,000 in her assessment for the year 1955-56. In reply to the said notice the assessee expressed her willingness to have the said sum included in her assessment for 1955-56, subject to the condition that the said amount was deleted from the assessment for the year 1952-53 and that there should be no levy of penalty on her. The Commissioner thereupon passed an order dated March 30, 1963, under section 33A(2) of the Act directing the Income-tax Officer to delete the sum Rs. 36,000 from her assessment for the year 1952-53, and to include the same in her assessment for 1955-56.
However, the original assessment for 1955-56 had been completed on March 29, 1957. In the return submitted by the assessee for that year the assessee had not included the said sum of Rs. 36,000 even though the adjustment of the same towards her remuneration came to be made on August 31, 1954. Therefore, in pursuance of the direction of the Commissioner of Income-tax, the Income-tax Officer reopened the assessment for the year 1955-56 by issuing a notice under section 148 of the Act calling upon her to file a revised return. The assessee thereupon filed a revised return including the sum of Rs. 3 6,000 in her income for the said year. The Income-tax Officer accepted the said return and completed the reassessment including the said amount in her assessable income for that year.
Though the assessee had stipulated that no penalty should be levied on her, the Income-tax Officer levied penal interest on the assessed tax for the year 1955-56, and also instituted penalty proceedings on her under section 271(1)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 1961. Presumably, aggrieved against the institution of penalty proceedings and the levy of penal interest, the assessee chose to challenge the reassessment order for the year 1955-56, by filing an appeal before the Appellate Assistant Commissioner on the ground that the reopening of the original assessment for 1955-56 under section 147 of the Act was not legal. The Appellate Assistant Commissioner accepted the contention and held that, as the original assessment has been reopened under section 147(a) only in compliance with the order of the Commissioner of Income-tax, dated March 30, 1963, and not because the Income-tax Officer had reason to believe that by reason of the assessee's failure to disclose fully or truly all material facts the income had escaped assessment, the reassessment was bad in law. He, therefore, held that the Income-tax Officer had no jurisdiction, to act under section 147(a) of the Act. In that view he cancelled the reassessment order.
The revenue took the matter in appeal lo the Appellate Tribunal. It was contended before the Tribunal that the Income-tax Officer having given the Commissioner's direction as a reason for reopening the assessment under section 147(a) in his notice under section 148(2), it is not open to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner to go into the sufficiency or otherwise of the said reason, that even otherwise there is material to show that the assessee has failed to disclose the said sum of Rs. 36,000 as her income at the time of the original assessment and that has resulted in an escapement of income and, therefore, the proceedings initiated under section 147 were valid and sufficient to give the Income-tax Officer jurisdiction to reopen the original assessment for 1955-56. The Tribunal, however, held, that it was open to the Appellate Assistant Commissioner to consider whether the reasons recorded by the Income-tax Officer initiating proceedings under section 147(a) were valid and sufficient, that the reasons recorded by the Income-tax Officer in his letter to the Commissioner seeking sanction did not disclose any belief on his part that the income had escaped assessment due to the assessee's failure to disclose any portion of the same at the time of the original assessment, and that as such the only reason recorded does not satisfy the requirements of section 147(a). The Tribunal also considered the question whether or not the assessee was guilty of suppression of material facts which were necessary for the completion of the assessment for 1955-56 and observed that the amount of Rs. 36,000 had already been included in the assessment for 1952-53 and that this assessment was cancelled by the order of the Commissioner dated March 30, 1963, only and that the assessee was not bound to again include the said sum in her income for the assessment year 1955-56 while the assessment for 1952-53 was still in force. The Tribunal ultimately held that the proceedings under section 147(a) were invalid and that the order of reassessment passed by the Income-tax Officer including the sum of Rs. 36,000 in the assessable income of the assessee for 1955-56 was bad in law. Aggrieved against the said decision of the Tribunal the revenue has sought a reference to this court and the following question has been referred :
"Whether, on the facts and in the circumstances of the case, the Appellate Tribunal was right in law in holding that the reopening of the assessment for 1955-56 under section 147(a) of the Act was illegal, invalid and without jurisdiction and that the reassessment made by the Income-tax Officer including the sum of Rs. 36,000 in the assessable income of the assessee was bad in law ? "
As already stated, the Tribunal has given two reasons for holding that the proceedings under section 147(a) are invalid, (1) that there is no non-disclosure of income by the assessee for the year in question so as to attract section 147(a), and (2) that the assessing authority had no reasonable belief that the income has escaped assessment as a result of non-disclosure by the assessee and that the proceedings had been initiated only on the direction of the Commissioner of Income-tax.
As regards the first reason set out above, we are of the view that the Tribunal is not right in holding that there was no non-disclosure of income by the assessee for the assessment year 1955-56. The reasoning of the Tribunal for taking that view can be set out in its own words :
" No doubt the adjustment of the amount had been made in the books of the Manohara Pictures on August 31, 1954, itself and, in the normal course, the assessee should have been aware of this adjustment ; but the amount of Rs. 36,000 had already been included in her assessment for 1952-53 ; and the assessee was not bound to again include this amount in her income for the assessment year 1955-56 and it was also not necessary for her to disclose to the Income-tax Officer, who was making the assessment for 1955-56, the fact of the adjustment on August 31, 1954 ............ The assessee cannot be expected to disclose the fact of the adjustment during the assessment proceedings for 1955-56, thereby inviting an assessment of this amount in 1955-56, while the assessment of this amount in 1952-53 was still in force. The assessee cannot be expected to invite double assessment on the same income. It cannot, therefore, be said that there was any failure on the part of the assessee to fully and truly disclose all the material facts at the time of the original assessment for 1955-56. "
The Tribunal has proceeded on the basis that the assessment for the year 1952-53 including the sum of Rs. 36,000 as the income accrued in that year was before the assessee submitted the return for the assessment year 1955-56 during which year the said sum of Rs. 36,000 has actually been adjusted and hence accrued to the assessee. In making this assumption the Tribunal has overlooked the dates when the assessee filed the return and when the reassessment was made for the assessment year 1955-56. Though the Tribunal has referred to the relevant dates in its order with reference to some other point, their impact on the question of non-disclosure had not been kept in mind. In this case the original assessment was made for the assessment year 1952-53 on June 30, 1955, and in that original assessment admittedly the sum of Rs. 36,000 was not included as the assessee's income. This was presumably on the basis that the said sum was treated as loan and not as an income that has accrued to the assessee in that assessment year. The assessee filed her return on November, 5, 1955, for the assessment year 1955-56. In that return the sum of Rs. 36,000 which has admittedly been adjusted on August 31, 1954, in the books of the Manohar Pictures towards her remuneration had not been included. Based on the said return there was an assessment on March 29, 1957. Later, the Income-tax Officer invoked his powers under section 34 and issued a notice dated October 9, 1957, proposing to reassess the assessee by including a sum of Rs. 36,000 in the assessment year 1952-53 and an order of reassessment dated December 30, 1957, followed. From the facts set out above it is clear that on the date when the reassessment notice under section 34 for the assessment year 1952-53 was issued on October 9, 1957, there has been an assessment for the year 1955-56 based on the return filed by the assessee where the income of Rs. 36,000 admittedly accrued to her on August 31, 1954, had not been included. Hence, it cannot be disputed that the assessee has been guilty of non-disclosure of the income of Rs. 36,000 in respect of the assessment for 1955-56. The fact that the Income-tax Officer took the view that the said sum represented income of the assessment year 1952-53 cannot alter the fact of non-disclosure by the assessee of her income which resulted in the escapement of income for the year 1955-56. It is true that the Income-tax Officer took the view that there has been an escapement of this income in the year 1952-53, but that view has been held to be wrong by this court in a decision rendered in relation to certain assessments made on the assessee for the earlier years. But whatever the view the Income-tax Officer took, the true legal position is that there has been escapement of income in the assessment year 1955-56, which was due to the failure on the part of the assessee to fully and truly disclose the material facts at the time of the original assessment for 1955-56 which took place long before the reassessment for the year 1952-53. Therefore, the Tribunal is not justified in saying that the non-disclosure of the said income of Rs. 36,000 in respect of the assessment year 1955-56 was due to the actual inclusion of the said amount in the re-assessment for the year 1952-53 which took place later. We, therefore, hold that this reason given by the Tribunal for holding that the Income-tax Officer had no jurisdiction to reopen the assessment for 1955-56 under section 147 is not tenable.
The other reason given by the Tribunal for upholding the order of the Appellate Assistant Commissioner annulling the reassessment proceedings under section 147(a), however, appears to us to be sound. The condition precedent for initiating proceedings under the said sub-section is the issue of a notice under section 148. Section 148(2) specifically provides that the Income-tax Officer shall, before issuing any notice under this section, record his reasons for doing so. There cannot be any dispute that the provisions of section 148 is mandatory. In this case, apart from the communication which the Income-tax Officer wrote to the Commissioner requiring his sanction under section 151, there is no separate record where the Income-tax Officer has set out his reasons for initiating proceedings under section 147(a). In the said communication the only reason given for initiating proceedings under section 147(a) is the direction of the Commissioner; and there is no indication that the Income-tax Officer had entertained any belief that by reason of omission or failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts, the income chargeable to tax has escaped assessment. In this communication the Income-tax Officer has only stated that he is initiating proceedings under section 147(a) in view of the direction of the Commissioner. He has nowhere stated that he had entertained a belief that income has escaped assessment due to the non-disclosure by the assessee of material facts for the assessment year, 1955-56. We are not inclined to agree with the contention of the learned counsel for the revenue that the recording of reasons contemplated by section 148(2) and section 151 need not relate to the matters set out in section 147(a) and that the Income-tax Officer having given the direction of the Commissioner as a reason for initiating the proceedings it should be taken to be a sufficient compliance with the provisions of sections 148(2) and 151. The learned counsel for the revenue is right when he says that the sufficiency of the reasons recorded by the Income-tax Officer is not a matter for the court to consider. But whether the reasons given were relevent to sustain a belief that income has escaped assessment as a result of the non-disclosure of income by the assessee has to be considered by the court when the jurisdiction of the Income-tax Officer to initiate proceedings under section 147 is questioned. The revenue wants us to construe the words " record his reasons for doing so " occurring in section 148(2) as requiring the recording of reasons for issuing the notice as such and without reference to the matter set out in section 147(a). We are of the view that having regard to the setting in which these words occur and the significance of the opening words in section 148(1), they have to be understood only as requiring the recording of reasons for initiating the proceedings under section 147. If it is otherwise, we cannot contemplate as to what are the reasons which could be given by the Income-tax Officer for issuing the notice as such, without reference to the ingredients referred to in section 147(a). Admittedly, the only reason recorded for issuing the notice is the direction of the Commissioner to re-open the assessment. Therefore, it has to be taken that the only reason recorded by the Income-tax Officer for issuing the notice as well as for initiating proceedings under section 147(a) is the direction of the Commissioner and not a reasonable belief entertained by the Income-tax Officer that income has escaped assessment as a result of the non-disclosure of material facts by the assessee.
The learned counsel for the revenue then contends that there is a clear-cut distinction between jurisdiction and procedure, and that the issue of a notice without recording reasons is only a defect in procedure and that will not affect the jurisdiction of the Income-tax Officer to act under section 147(a) and that even if the initiation of proceedings under section 147(a) is taken to be defective in that no relevant reasons had been recorded under section 148(2) and section 151, that will only be a defect in procedure not affecting the jurisdiction of the Income-tax Officer to reopen the assessment under section 147(a). It is also urged by the revenue that even if there has been a procedural defect in initiating proceedings under section 147(a), the Income-tax Officer cannot be said to have acted without jurisdiction and that the validity of the order made under section 147(a) could itself be tested with reference to the criteria set out in that section. Based on the above submissions, it is pointed out that once the Income-tax Officer has passed the order under section 147 it is not necessary to find out whether the Income-tax Officer followed the requisite procedure in making the assessment, that the Court has to find out whether the order passed under section 147(a) satisfies the requirements of that section, and that in this case the reassessment order dated July 31, 1964, passed by the Income-tax Officer clearly sets out the relevant reasons which impelled him to initiate proceedings, and those reasons are sufficient to sustain the reassessment order. There cannot be any dispute that there is a clear distinction between jurisdiction and procedure, and that a defect in procedure will not normally amount to lack of jurisdiction. Section 147(a) sets out certain conditions for invoking the power and jurisdiction under that section. If those conditions are not satisfied, there is no jurisdiction for the Income-tax Officer to reassess under that section. Even if the conditions precedent set out in section 147(a) are treated as matters of procedure, still the contemplated procedure has to be followed for attracting the jurisdiction under that section. Therefore, the extreme contention of the revenue that even if the statutory procedure had not been followed still the order of reassessment has to be taken to be valid is not possible of acceptance. We cannot see the ultimate order passed under section 147(a) to find out whether the proper or relevant reasons existed at the stage of initiation of proceedings, when admittedly no relevant reasons had been recorded earlier as provided in the statute. It has been pointed out by the Supreme Court in Calcutta Discount Co. Ltd. v. Income-tax Officer, while considering the scope of the jurisdiction of the Income-tax Officer under section 34(1)(a) of the 1922 Act which corresponded to section 147(a) of the 1961 Act, that to confer jurisdiction under section 34 to issue a notice in respect of assessments beyond the period of four years, two conditions have to be satisfied, namely, (1) the Income-tax Officer must have reason to believe that income, profits or gains chargeable to income-tax escaped assessment, and (2) he must have also reason to believe that such an escapement of income had occurred by reason of omission or failure on the part of the assessee to disclose fully and truly all material facts necessary for his assessment in that year, and that both the above conditions are conditions precedent to be satisfied before the Income-tax Officer could have jurisdiction to issue a notice for assessment or reassessment beyond the period of four years. On the above reasoning the Income-tax Officer cannot be said to have acted within his jurisdiction if the reason for his belief that the two conditions are satisfied does not exist or is not relevant and material to the belief required by that section. If either of the above conditions is not satisfied the Income-tax Officer's action would be without jurisdiction. If the contention of the revenue that the non-recording of reasons by the Income-tax Officer is only a defect in procedure and, therefore, will not affect the jurisdiction of the Income-tax Officer to act under section 147(a) were correct, we cannot understand the principle laid down by the Supreme Court in Calcutta Discount Co. Ltd. v. Income-tax Officer and S. Narayanappa v. Commissioner of Income-tax and the other decisions of the various High Courts holding that section 147(a) provides for two distinct conditions precedent to be fulfilled before the Income-tax Officer can exercise the jurisdiction under clause (a) and if the conditions are not fulfilled, the jurisdiction of the Income-tax Officer cannot properly be invoked. Even assuming that the requirement as to recording of reasons can be taken to be procedural, still the statute having fixed it as a condition limiting the exercise of the power under section 147(a) any order passed by the Income-tax Officer without fulfilling or satisfying the conditions limiting the exercise of the power will be invalid. We are of the view that the principle is by now well-established that the jurisdiction of the Income-tax Officer under section 147(a) could be invoked only when the above two conditions precedent are satisfied. If either of the conditions is not satisfied, the Income-tax Officer would have no jurisdiction to invoke section 147(a). In this case, though we have held that there is clearly a non-disclosure of income by the assessee, the first condition that the Income-tax Officer should have entertained a belief that income has escaped assessment has not been satisfied. It is true that in the reassessment order the Income-tax Officer refers to the existence of the belief. But, there are no materials to show that he entertained such a belief at the stage of the initiation of proceedings under section 147(a). We are, therefore, of the opinion that the reassessment in this case made under section 147(a) has to be treated to be one without jurisdiction and, cannot, therefore, be sustained. The question is, therefore, answered in the affirmative and against the revenue. The revenue will pay the costs of the assessee. Counsel's fee Rs. 250.
Question answered in the affirmative.
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